Diseases of the cardiovascular System lecture for nurses
Diseases of the cardiovascular System lecture for nurses
Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas.
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Diseases of the cardiovascular system: A lecture for nurses Introduction The cardiovascular system plays a Central role in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body, diseases of this system is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nurses are often the first point of contact:for the Patient:the inside with cardiovascular diseases and play a crucial role in the observation, care and support. This talk gives an Overview of the most important diseases, their symptoms, diagnosis and the role of the care. The most important diseases of the cardiovascular system Coronary heart disease (CHD) CHD is caused by a narrowing of the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis. This leads to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and can lead to Angina or a myocardial infarction. Symptoms: chest pain (often retrosterinal and oppressive), shortness of breath, Nausea, sweating. Diagnostics: electrocardiography, stress tests, coronary angiography. Nursing aspects: Monitoring of vital parameters, pain management, assistance with the change in life-style (Smoking, Diet). Heart failure In heart failure, the heart loses its ability to pump enough blood to supply the body. It can be either a left‑ or right-ventricular insufficiency. Symptoms: shortness of breath (especially with exertion or in position), Edema of the legs, fatigue, weight gain due to fluid accumulation. Diagnosis: echocardiography, BNP Test (B‑typical Natriuretic peptide), x-Ray of the Thorax. Nursing aspects: Regular, weight control, Monitoring of Edema, medication compliance, instructions to reduce Salt in the diet. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Hypertension is when the blood pressure is consistently above 140/90 mmHg. It is disease a risk factor for many cardiovascular. Symptoms: Often asympomatisch; possible symptoms include headache, dizziness, vision problems. Diagnosis: Multiple Blood Pressure Measurements, 24‑Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring. Nursing aspects: a guide to regular measurement of blood pressure, support when taking antihypertensive therapy, counseling for lifestyle change. Arrhythmias Arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rhythm, which can range from too fast (tachycardia) to slow (bradycardia) rhythms. Symptoms: Heart Palpitations, Dizziness, Loss Of Consciousness, Shortness Of Breath. Diagnosis: ECG, Holter ECG, may electrophysiological study. Nursing aspects: Monitoring of the heart rhythm, support to interventions (for example, pacemaker implantation), patient education. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis calcification and hardening of the arterial wall due to the Plaques. It can affect any artery, but it is especially dangerous in the heart and brain arteries. Symptoms: Depending on the affected artery — Klaudikation (leg pain when walking), stroke symptoms, Angina pectoris. Diagnosis: Ultrasound, Angiography, Blood Tests (Lipid Spectrum). Nursing aspects: support of risk factor reduction (Smoking, Diabetes, hyperlipidemia), guide to exercise programs. The role of nurses Carers make a vital contribution to the care of the Patient:the inside with cardiovascular disease: Observation and Monitoring: Regular monitoring of vital parameters (blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation), early detection of complications. Patient education: for information on use of medication, lifestyle changes, and emergency measures. Emotional support: help in the management of Anxiety and psychosocial stress. Coordination of care: cooperation with Physicians:internal, physical therapist, indoor, and other professionals. Conclusion The diversity and complexity of cardiovascular diseases requires nurses to have a comprehensive Knowledge and a high sense of observation. Through high quality care, and patient care and the quality of life and prognosis of the Patient can be improved indoor significantly. Would you like me to make a certain section in greater detail or further information to a themed area to add?
Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas. Diseases of the cardiovascular System lecture for nurses. Ektrak mula sa prutas ng cranberry Ektrak mula sa prutas ng appleberry Magnesium L-Arginin Ektrak mula sa dahon at bulaklak ng hawthorn Pulbos ng bulaklak ng hibiscus Ektrak mula sa dahon ng oliba Ektrak mula sa buto ng ubas Ektrak mula sa black currant Coenzyme Q10 Bitamina B6 Folate
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https://ip4u.ru/blog/blog/posts/14522-genetic-predisposition-to-cardiovascular-disease.html
Isang malawak na pagpipilian ng mga gamot mismo pati na rin ng mga pamamaraan para sa pagbawas ng gamot mula sa mataas na presyon ang nagbibigay-daan sa iyo na pumili ng pinaka-komportableng programa ng paggamot – ang abot-kaya sa gastos, na may minimal na pagpapakita ng mga side effect, at isinasaalang-alang ang ibang kasamang sakit. Kapag matagal ang pag-inom ng tabletas at binabago ng doktor ang gamot, ito ay dahil ang ilang gamot ay may katangian na magdulot ng pagkagumon, na nagreresulta sa kaunting pagbaba ng bisa nito. Bukod dito, hindi lahat ng grupo ng gamot ay angkop para sa mga pasyente sa iba't ibang edad, at may mga limitasyon din sa pagiging compatible nito sa ibang uri ng gamot. Diuretiko (Diuretika) ay nagpapataas ng pag-ihi ng katawan, na nagreresulta sa pagbaba ng presyon ng dugo. Simpleng paliwanag: Ang tuloy-tuloy na pag-ihi ng katawan ay nagdudulot ng pagbaba ng dami ng plasma sa dugo at sa gayon ay mas kaunting likido sa mga ugat — bumababa ang presyon sa mga pader ng ugat.
Among the infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases: the context and clinical relevance of Infectious diseases can not only affect directly the respiratory system, the digestive system or the skin, but also, indirectly, the cardiovascular system damage. The connection between infections and cardiovascular diseases (HKK) is classified in the modern cardiology is increasingly important. One of the most well-known mechanisms, the myokarditise — an inflammation of the heart muscle, which is often triggered by viruses. Among the most common pathogens: Enteroviruses (e.g., Coxsackie virus), Adenoviruses, Parvovirus B19, Herpes Simplex Virus Types. The viruses penetrate into the Cardiomyocytes, trigger an immune-mediated inflammatory response and can lead to disruption of the Contraction and the conduction function of the heart. Clinically, this can range from asymptomatic gradients to heart failure, arrhythmias or even sudden cardiac death. Another important example is rheumatic heart disease, which occurs as a result of a streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes) is. Here reaction develops due to an autoimmune inflammation of the heart valves, in particular, the Mitalklappe. In the long term, this can lead to valve defects, and chronic heart failure. Systemic infections such as Sepsis or bacterial endocarditis can be a burden on the cardiovascular system. In the case of endocarditis bacteria (often streptococci or staphylococci) colonize the heart valves surfaces and Vegeta form functions, which can lead to valve damage, embolism, and congestive heart failure. In addition, epidemiological studies show that chronic infections (for example, periodontal disease, chronic lung infections) are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Probably a long-lasting systemic inflammation contributes to the activation to the Progression of vascular calcification. For the diagnosis of infection-related cardiovascular diseases include: Laboratory parameters (CRP, Troponin, BNP), serological tests for the identification of Pathogens, Echocardiography, Magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for the detection of myocardial edema and fibrosis, if necessary, endomyocardial biopsy. The therapy depends on the pathogen and the Severity of the disease. It includes: anti-viral or anti-bacterial drugs, anti-inflammatory therapy, symptomatic treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias, in the case of valve damage, if applicable, operating valves repair or replacement. Conclusion: infectious diseases are a significant cause of cardiovascular diseases. Early detection and adequate treatment of the infection, as well as a close interdisciplinary collaboration between Infectious disease specialists, and cardiologists are crucial for the prognosis of the patients.